A poly(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) acetic acid) thin-film was formed on the surface of a platinum (Pt) electrode by oxidative electropolymerization of a new carbazole derivative. Electrochemical polymerization was performed in reaction medium containing monomer and 0.1 M TBABF4 mixture in acetonitrile (ACN) using repeated cycling at a scanning rate of 250 mV. The electrochemical polymerization of 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) acetic acid (25mM) was studied using cyclic voltammetry on both Pt and ITO electrodes. The structure of the soluble polymer was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13CNMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The weight average molecular weight of poly(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) acetic acid) was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and found to be 130900 g/mol. Characterizations of the resulting polymer were performed by cyclic voltammetry, dry conductivity measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the UV-Visible spectroscopy and electrochemical spectroscopic studies indicated that the poly(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) acetic acid) film showed a green color in the oxidized state, and high transmittance in the neutral state. Moreover, the poly(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) acetic acid) film is soluble in common organic solvents, such as DMSO, THF, NMP, and DMAC. The conductivities of poly(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) acetic acid) is about 4.3x 10-2 S/cm
Khaled Asagheer O Hreeba(12-2021)

Salvia officinalis L. is a Mediterranean species, naturalized in many countries. The composition of essential oil isolated from Salvia officinalis L, wild growing in Libya, was analyzed. In this study, essential oils from fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L, Libya, were extracted with ethanol, hexane or chloroform as solvents using Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Each solvent showed differences in the extraction yields between fresh and dry leaves. Physical constants of the extracts were shown variation in color, viscosity, density, PH and percentage of production between fresh and dry leaves for each solvent. GC-MS results showed that ethanol could extract the most compounds compared to hexane and chloroform from both fresh and dry leaves. In total 41, 28 and 31 compounds were identified in the essential oils of fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L using ethanol, hexane or chloroform respectively. For each solvent the number of compounds extracted from dry leaves was bigger than the number extracted from fresh leaves. arabic 33 English 104
ABUBAKER A BASHIR ATRROG, abdunnaser mohamed mohamed megrahi, Fathia Mousa H Altalhi(4-2018)

Thirteen Olive oil samples were collected from five different places in the western Libyan region with different cultivation periods. The physical and chemical properties of samples were investigated and classified whether they comply with the Libyan standard specification number 8/2002 or not. The density and refractive index of almost all samples were found within the normal range (0.908-0.919) and (1.4688-1.4705) respectively whereas the chemical properties showed a range of fluctuated values such as peroxide number (11.20-60.40), acidity value (0.737-17.94), saponification number (185.34-199.65), esterification number (173.84-194.36) and iodine number (71.00-94.10). A third of the investigated samples are considered to be of good quality mainly the newer samples
Ragiab A. M. Issa(9-2017)