PH415 : Solid State

Department

Physics

Academic Program

Bachelor in Physics

Type

Compulsory

Credits

04

Prerequisite

PH312PH314

Overview

This course introduces the nature of solids and enriches theoretical and experimental knowledge of their properties. It covers the topics of the crystalline state of solids, the real structure of solids, lattice dynamics, thermal properties of solids, and the electrical properties of solids.

Intended learning outcomes

By the end of the course, the student will be able to:1- Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids.2- Distinguish between the paraphyseal and non-paraphyseal reticules.3- Draw the different crystal structures.4- A program is designed to calculate the crystal bonding energy.5- Enumerate the different methods for studying the crystal structure using X-rays.6- The law of heat capacity of solids is deduced using different theories.7- Compare Einstein's model with Debye's model.8- Calculates the thermal properties of the retina such as specific heat and heat capacity.

Teaching and learning methods

1- Lectures.

2- Solve problems and discuss various exercises.

Methods of assessments

1- Written first midterm exam 25%

2- Written second midterm exam 25%

3- Written final exam 50%

4- A passing score of 50% or more

5- The total assessment of the course is 100%.

Course contents

Week Due

Exercises

Lectures

contact hours

Topics List

2

4

6

10

Structure and interatomic forces:

The crystalline state, the 14- Bravis lattices and the 7-xl* systems, elements of symmetry, Nomenclature of xl directions and xl planes, Muller indices, Amorphous solids and liquids, Interatomic forces, types of bonding.

3

6

9

15

X-ray, Neutron and electron diffraction in crystals, Generation & absorption of X-ray, Bragg's law, Scattering from an atom, scattering from a crystal, the reciprocal lattice and X-ray diffraction, the diffraction condition and Bragg's law, Experimental techniques, Other X-ray applications in solid-state physics, Neutron diffraction, electron diffraction.

2

4

6

10

Lattice vibrations:

Thermal, Acoustic and optical properties, elastic waves, enumeration of modes, density of states of a continuous medium,

Specific heat: models of Einstein and Debye, The phonon, Lattice waves, Density of states of a lattice.

2

4

6

10

The Dude theory of metals, Basic assumption of the model, collision or relaxation times,, DC electric conductivity, AC electric conductivity, Thermal conductivity. The Somerfield theory of conduction, Weidman-Franz law, The band theory of solids, Nearly free electron model (origin of the energy gap), magnitude of energy gap, Bloch functions, wave equation of electron in periodic potential, The Kronic-Penny model, Bragg-reflection and energy gap.

1

2

3

5

Brillion zones, metals, insulators and semiconductors, Band gap, Intrinsic semiconductors, extrinsic semiconductors, effect of temperatures on the semiconductor carrier densities in doped semiconductor.

2

4

6

10

Dielectric properties and insulator:

Polarizations and type of polarization, the relation between dielectric constant and polarization, effect of temperature on on the dielectric constant, examples of dielectric crystal, materials, piezoelectric-ferroelectric properties.

1

2

3

5

Magnetism and magnetic properties of materials: Diamagnetism, paramagnetism ferromagnetism, ferromagnetic materials and feriLangvin theory in diamagnetism.

1

2

3

5

Superconductivity: characteristics of superconductivity, Missner effect, Types of superconductors and their B-J-T phase diagrams, Flux-quantization, GL and BCS theories.

Learning Resources

Text Book

Reference's name

publisher

Release

Author

Introduction to Solid State Physics

Wiley

6th edition

Charles Kittel

Solid State Physics

Wiley

2nd edition

H.E. Hall