ZO318 : Accurate technique

The student will familiarize himself with the terms used in this course

a.1

The student learns about the types of dyes and methods of their preparation

a.2

The student will be familiar with the techniques used in preparing the different slides

a.3

The student will be able to distinguish sectors of different tissues

b.1

The student will be able to determine the appropriate method for preparing the used samples

b.2

The student will be able to know the dyes needed for each sample

b.3

The student prepares a collection of tissues as an evaluation of what he has studied

b.4

The student will be familiar with the scientific methods used to distinguish between the components of the cell

c.1

The student will be able to work in medical laboratories

c.2

The student will be able to prepare tissues from samples in the laboratory

c.3

The student will be able to work in the field of health (Histopathology.

d.1

The student shall be able to write laboratory reports

d.2

The student will be able to distinguish between healthy and infected tissues

d.3

Evaluation week

Percentage

Evaluation weight

Type of evaluation

Evaluation No.

7th

15%

10%

15

10

Written and practical

1st

th10

15%

10%

15

10

Written and practical

2nd

th14

40%

10%

40

10

Written and practical

Final

100%

100

Total

course contents

weeks

Introduction to micro techniques and their important to biology

Week.1

General principles of tissue preparation for studying

Removal the specimen from animals after dissecting-

Biopsy and autopsy techniques-

.(Post-mortem conditions (autolysis, bacteriolysis-

Week.2

Principles of fixation:

Chemical used in fixation-

Coagulant fixing reagent-

Non-coagulant fixing reagent-

- -Post-fixation treatments

Weeks.3-4

Staining and staining actions

Staining theories*

Methods of staining*

Vital staining (intravital and supravital staining)-

Staining tissue by solutions-

-Staining by chemical production of colored substances in tissue

Metallic impregnation and argentaftin reaction-

Weeks5-6

(Stains (types

Natural dyes-

Mordants-

Progressive and regressive-

Synthetic dye-

Acidic, basic, and neutral dyes-

Orthochromasia, metachromasia and polychromasia-

Weeks7-9

Whole mounts

Temporary and permanent whole mounts-

(Dry mounts (transparent and opaque preparations-

(Wet whole mount (examples

Blood smears

Squashes

Week10

Exfoliative cytology

Normal vaginal epithelial cells*

Superficial layer cells-

Intermediate layer cells-

Inner most layer cells-

Cytological criteria of malignancy*

Papanicolau techniques*

Week11

Cell and tissue cultures

Introduction to cell culture-

Primary cell culture-

Secondary cell culture-

Cultures from established cell line-

Week12

Enzymes

The importance of enzymes-

Phosphatases-

*Alkaline phosphatase: (demostration of alkaline phosphatases in tissues by Gomori and Takamatsue, and Azo-dye methods)

*Acid phosphatases: (e.g. Gomori and Takamatsue, and Azo-dye methods)

Week13-14

Part-II: laboratory outline

Introduction to laboratory safety

Obtaining the specimen from animals-

Fixation (chemicals used in fixation)-

Fixing tissue*

Washing tissue*

-Dehydration, clearing, infiltration and embedding in paraffin wax methods

Microtomes, types, their uses and knives-

Preparation of tissue block for sectioning-

Trimming of paraffin block*

Cutting angle*

Rate of cutting*

Paraffin sectioning difficulties and mounting-

Staining procedures (hematoxylin and eosin staining)-

Weeks1-6

Staining methods

Specific staining methods-

Staining hematologic elements and related tissue-

Week.7

Staining proteins and nucleic acids

Mercuric bromophenol blue method and related reactions-

PAS and Feulgen techniques and related reactions-

Week.8

Staining of cell organelles

Golgi apparatus-

Mitochondria-

Week.9

Special techniques

Preparation of whole mounts with or without staining-

Invertebrate for whole mounts-

Animal parasites-

Week.10

Sourse

Author

Edition

Publisher

Reference

Course notes

Library

Humason,1979

Animal tissue techniques

Freeman and company

Text book

Al-Ansari &Salama1999

تقنيات الخلايا وكيمياء الانسجة الحيوية

ELGA

Notes

The required capabilities

No.

Providing the materials and solutions used in the laboratory, which are dyes, alcohol, physiological solutions, various cutting tools, laboratory animals, and microscopes equipped with a camera.

1

Lecture hall with data show

2

Library equipped with various references and textbooks

3

Internet center inside the university

4