أثر عدم تماثل المعلومات على إصدار صكوك الاستثمار في الشركات دراسة تطبيقية على الشركات المدرجة في مؤشر EMAS الإسلامي
Keywords:
كفاءة الأسواق، المخاطر الأخلاقية، أدوات التمويلAbstract
تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم منهج علمي يؤطر لأسباب اتخاذ الشركات قرار إصدار صكوك الاستثمار لتغطية احتياجاتها التمويلية، وذلك في إطار أدبيات النظرية المالية، و فيما يتعلق بمشكلة عدم تماثل المعلومات؛ اتبعت الدراسة الأساليب الإحصائية والقياسية لتقديم دليل تجريبي حول قرار الشركات للتمويل بصكوك الاستثمار؛ استناداً على نموذج قياسي طور بالاعتماد على فرض عدم تماثل المعلومات؛ من خلال توظيف هذا المتغير ليعكس مدى وجود مشكلة عدم تماثل المعلومات في الشركات المُصدرة لصكوك الاستثمار المدرجة في بورصة ماليزيا ضمن مؤشر EMAS الإسلامي، للفترة من 2007 إلى 2019، حيث اشتملت عينة الدراسة على 46 شركة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن قرار التمويل بصكوك الاستثمار يتم في ظرف تماثل معلوماتي بين المُصدرين والمستثمرين، كما يعزز التماثل المعلوماتي انتفاء الجهالة والغرر (من شروط صحة العقود في التمويل الإسلامي) في العقود التي تُصدر على أساسها هياكل صكوك الاستثمار. أخيراً توصي الدراسة الشركات المتمولة أن تعزز درجة التماثل المعلوماتي بما يدعم كفاءة الأسواق المالية لتسهيل حصولها على تمويل من خلال إصدار صكوك الاستثمار تعزيزا لمبدأ الإفصاح والحد من المخاطر الأخلاقية الناجمة عن عدم تماثل المعلومات.
The study aims to present a scientific approach that frames the reasons companies decide to issue investment sukuk to meet their financial needs, within the framework of financial theory literature and concerning the problem of information asymmetry. The study employed statistical and econometric methods to provide empirical evidence on companies' decisions to finance through investment sukuk. This was based on an econometric model developed using the assumption of information asymmetry, by employing this assumption as a variable reflecting the extent of the information asymmetry problem in companies issuing investment sukuk listed on Malaysia's Islamic EMAS index, for the period from 2007 to 2019. The study sample included 46 companies.
The results of the study showed that the decision to finance through investment sukuk occurs in a context of informational symmetry between issuers and investors. Additionally, informational symmetry enhances the absence of ignorance and uncertainty (conditions for the validity of contracts in Islamic finance) in the contracts upon which investment sukuk structures are issued.
Finally, the study recommends that financing companies should enhance the degree of informational symmetry to support the efficiency of financial markets, facilitating their access to financing through the issuance of investment sukuk. This would promote the principle of disclosure and reduce the moral hazards resulting from information asymmetry.

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