Abstract
Access to safe drinking water remains a global challenge, particularly in arid regions such as Libya, where groundwater is the primary source of domestic water supply. This study assessed the chemical and microbiological quality of groundwater from selected domestic wells in western Tripoli and compared results with Libyan drinking water standards. Material and Methods: A total of 20 groundwater samples were collected from domestic wells (35–100 m depth) in Al-Sarraj, Janzour, Al-Swani, and Bu Ghubba. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major ions, and hardness, were analyzed. Microbiological analyses targeted total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total bacterial counts. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: Most samples exceeded Libyan standards for TDS (>3000 mg/L) and total hardness (>1400 mg/L). Approximately 60% of shallow wells (35–60 m) exhibited the highest contamination rates. E. coli concentrations reached up to 129 CFU/100 mL. Overall, the majority of wells were unsuitable for human consumption. Conclusions: Domestic wells in western Tripoli exhibit significant chemical and microbial contamination, rendering them unsafe for drinking water. Urgent interventions, including regular monitoring, enforcement of drilling regulations, and public awareness campaigns, are required