Abstract
The advantageous features of Li-ion batteries, such as their high energy density and minimal self-discharge, make them extensively employed in industrial environments. The increasing adoption of lithium-ion batteries in diverse industries emphasizes the critical need for optimal charging control. The charging process significantly impacts battery health, safety, and lifespan. To enhance charging efficiency and reduce charging time, various factors must be considered during the charging process, such as state of charge (SoC), charging current and temperature.