Abstract
Langerhans Cell Histocytosis (LCH) is a group of disorders generally presenting as a monostotic lesion affecting any of the flat or long bones. Soft tissue involvement might occur affecting mainly the lymph nodes, lungs, skin and mucous membranes subsequently. Bony lesions of the maxillomandibular area are also frequent, occurring in 30% of adult cases, it may affect any age group, but the peak incidence is at 1-4 years of age. A definitive diagnosis requires the presence of Birbeck granules or detection of CD1a glycoprotein and 100S protein for the lesional cells by Immunohistochemical staining. Conventional treatment of LCH is with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and steroid injections alone or in combination. In this case report we discuss diagnostic aspects and treatment modalities on the basis of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings in one and a half year old Libyan patient with LCH of the mandible. KEY WORDS: Langerhans cell histocytosis, mandible. Immunohistochemicals (CD1a, S100)