Abstract
Abstract Libyan extensive coastline along the southern Mediterranean Sea is characterized by diverse marine habitats and rich biodiversity. Among the key components of this ecological wealth are echinoderms, which play important roles in benthic ecosystems. This study provides the first comprehensive inventory of echinoderm species documented in Libyan waters, compiled from a range of field surveys conducted over the past several decades. A total of 48 species have been identified, spanning all five echinoderm classes: Crinoidea (1 species), Asteroidea (15 species), Ophiuroidea (12 species), Echinoidea (13 species), and Holothuroidea (7 species). Significantly, this work includes the first recorded occurrences of Ophidiaster ophidianus and Tethyaster subinermis (Asteroidea), as well as Ophiactis virens and Ophiactis macrolepidota (Ophiuroidea) in Libyan waters. These findings enhance our understanding of echinoderm biodiversity along the southern Mediterranean and establish an important baseline for future ecological and conservation efforts in the region.