Abstract
Abstract: Kidney stones are a common condition, affecting approximately 10% of adults over their lifetime. The global incidence is rising, largely due to increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Three primary techniques are used for the removal of lower pole kidney stones: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) with laser lithotripsy. Although PCNL is highly effective, it carries certain risks, including bleeding that may require angioembolization, urinoma formation and, in rare cases, organ injury. On the other hand, FURS allows urologists to access and treat lower calyx stones and complex renal stones through a natural orifice, improving stone clearance due to advancements in laser lithotripsy and endoscopic basket technology. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PCNL and FURS in managing staghorn stones. Conducted at Ghout Shaal Hospital, Masara Clinic and Ishbilia Clinic in Libya, the research includes 20 cases collected between January 2022 and December 2024. The age of the patients varies from 15 to 25. In PCNL the age 15 to 25 is 10%, 26 to 50 is 25% and greater than 50 is 15%. Similarly in FURS the age 15 to 25 is 5%, 26 to 50 is 35% and greater than 50 is 10%. The sex male is 30% in PCNL and 35% in FURS and female 20% in PCNL and 15% in FURS. The stone diameter varies from 10mm to 30mm, in PCNL ≤ 10 mm is 25%, 11-20mm is 15% and 21-30mm is 10%. In FURS ≤ 10 mm is 25%, 11-20mm is 20% and 21-30mm is 05%. operation tine in hours may be differ from 30 minutes to 3 hours. In PCNL < 1hour is 25%, 1 to 2 hours is 15% and 2 to 3 hours is 10%. In FURS < 1 hour is 35%, 1 to 2 hours is 10% and 2 to 3hours is 5%. Hospitalization time is 1 day to 3 days. In PCNL less than 1 day is 30%, 2 days is 15% and 3 days is 5%, similarly in FURS less than 1 day is 35%, 2 days is 10% and 3 days is 10%. Stone free rate in 1st session 35% in PCNL and 20% in FURS, 2nd session 10% in PCNL and 15% in FURS, 3rd session 5% in PCNL and 5% in FURS. The complications may include fever, pain, mild Hematuria, urinary tract infections and ureteral stricture. Keywords: PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy), FURS (Flexible Ureteroscopy), Stone free rate, Libya.