ملخص
Abstract
Forging in a flat and overlapping dies have many industrial applications, and many parts can be produced, parts with ends of different shapes, and study of such process is important to understand the mechanic, and effect of different variables, Specimen shape, die geometry. In this work, a study forging of copper specimens between flat dies and overlapping dies having cylindrical, rectangular and square cavities, were fixing cross-section area in all specimens and changing the shape of cross-section area. Load displacement relationships were presented and study the effect of friction and constrained volume shapes on flow behavior and effect of (D0/H0) ratio are also investigated. Double extruded part with a hub are produced by the combined forward and backward extrusion forging process, and comparison between the results of constrained volume with double extrusion part was made.