ملخص
Abstract
Deposition of undesirable materials on water wall side of boiler tube that are operated under forced circulation boiling conditions can cause serious trouble in steam boilers. The present study is concerned with the scaling characteristics of water in the boilers. The effects of heat flux and water velocity were evaluated for water having a total hardness and calcium hardness in the range (TH= 380 to 390 ppm asCaCO3 ) and(CaH= 250 to 298 ppm asCaCO3) respectively. The heat flux ranged from (1.05 x 105) to and water velocity in a vertical annular test section range from 0.51 to 0.75 m/sec (1.67 to 2.5 ft/sec) . The test section consisted of an annular duct 0.050 m (2.0-in) O.D. and 0.033 m (1.33-in ) I.D. A 0.30 m (12-in) section of the concentric core of the annulus was electrically heated. Hot water at 97.0 (370.1) was circulated through the annulus where boiling occurred on the heated section. The temperature range at the Surface of heated section in the annulus was from (105 - 118 ). The results of five tests are reported in this study. The fouling resistance vr. time curves reached an asymptotic value and the average of fouling resistance for Runs (1-5) had been plotted. Chemical analysis of scale deposits indcated that Calcium carbonate and Silica were the man Constituents. At constant surface temperature an increase in velocity from 0.51 to 0.75 m/sec (1.67 -2.5 ft/sec), caused about a 20 percent reduction in the asymptotic fouling resistance.