Abstract
Cement is still the most popular binder used in buildings construction. The volume of cement production in the world since 2013 has remained at the level of approximately 4.1 billion tons. The cement production process is energy intensive and is the world’s leading emitter of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the main activities cement plants are aimed at introducing technologies changes in production of clinkier (Edwards, 2019).The construction industry is responsible for the majority of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere: the industry emits 30% of total CO2, building emits 28%, transportation is responsible for 22% of CO2, the production of building materials causes 11% of CO2 emissions, including the cement industry is responsible for around 7% of emissions CO2. Other industries are responsible for around 9% of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere (Amran et al., 2020). The process of burning raw materials for the production of clinker is the most important stage of the entire cement production process (Mikulˇci´c et al., 2013; Andrew, 2019). Cement kiln dust (CKD) is waste generated during the production of clinker. The dust collected in the dust collectors is partly reused in the production process and some is stored. The storage method is not preferred due to its operations negative environmental impact. If the dust contains alkalis, chlorides, sulphates, or heavy metals, they cannot be recycled. Generally cement plants strive to reduce the formation of dust. About 1.5 tons of raw materials are used to produce 1 ton of clinker. After the extraction, grinding, and homogenization of rawmaterials, the process of calcination of calcium carbonate takes place.