CH666 : Enzymology and Vitamins

أ.1

Explain the major classes of enzyme and their functions in the cell

أ.2

Describe the role of co-enzyme cofactor in enzyme catalyzed reaction

أ.3

Explain the data and estimate important parameter (Km. Vmax, Kcat etc).

أ.4

Learn the structure and function of the vitamins.

أ.5

Recognize and describe deficiency and toxicity symptoms associated

with vitamins.

ب.1

know Enzyme Commission nomenclature and important representatives of each class of enzymes.

ب.2

Understand the difference between a chemical catalyst and biocatalyst and understand activation energy.

ب.3

Exposure to the concept of activation energy and its importance.

ب.4

Explores the role of vitamins and minerals in maintaining cellular health through biochemical and physiological mechanisms.

ب.5

Improve problem solving skills by asking questions and examining

assumptions.

ج.1

Ability to explain the activity of enzymes and their mode of action.

ج.2

Ability to describe the biological importance of vitamins.

ج.3

Ability to critically evaluate a problem and resolve to challenge blindly accepted concept.

ج.4

Ability to analyze texts, evaluating ideas and scientific strategies.

ج.5

Ability to listen to, follow scientific viewpoints, and engage with them.

د.1

Write a scientific assays and submit.

د.2

Communicate ideas and arguments effectively.

د.3

Manage time and resources effectively and set priorities.

د.4

Perform self-directed learning.

رقم التقييم

أساليب التقييم

مدة التقييم

وزن التقييم

النسبة المئوية

تاريخ التقييم (الأسبوع)

ملاحظات

التقييم الأول

Two test exam

6

30

30

4&8

عددها 2

التقييم الثاني

Oral presentation

0

8

8

12

عددها 2

التقييم الثالث

Assignments

0

12

12

15

عددها 3

التقييم النهائي

Final Exam

4

50

50

16

المجموع

100 درجة

100%

الموضوع العلمي

عدد الساعات

محاضرة

معمل

تمارين

مناقشة

مذاكرة مستقلة

عدد الاسابيع

Introduction to Enzymes:

Nature of enzymes, localization, isolation, purification and characterization of enzymes. Criteria of purity of enzymes, fold purity.

Nomenclature and IUB, classification of enzymes. Enzyme specificity, specific activity, assay methods;

coupled enzyme assays, continuous, end point and kinetic assay. Units of enzyme activity,IU and katal.Industrial and Biomedical applications of enzymes.

12

6

6

2

Enzyme kinetics: MichaelisMenten equation, initial velocity approach, steady state approach. Vmax, Km and their significance. Linear transformation of MichaelisMenten equation; LineweaverBurk plot, Eadie-Hofstee, Wolf and Cornish-Bowden. Scatchard plot. Rate of a reaction, order and molecularity. Istorder reaction kinetics. Rectangular

hyperbola, Michaelis-Menten

equation as rectangular hyperbola, asymptote, linear transformation, calculation of slope, intercept .Effect of pH, temperature and substrate

concentration.

12

6

6

2

Enzyme Inhibition: Types of reversible inhibitors -competitive, non-competitive, un-competitiveand mixed inhibitors. Partial inhibition, substrate inhibition and allosteric inhibition. Irreversible inhibition.

6

3

3

1

Kinetics of bi-substrate reactions: Sequential mechanism, compulsory order and random order mechanism, non-sequential mechanism, ping pong mechanism, distinction between different kinetic pathways using primary and secondary plots. Inhibition studies in the characterisation of bi-substrate reactions.

12

6

6

2

Mechanisms of enzyme catalysis: Active site structure; methods of determining active site structure, isolation of ES complex, affinity labelling, chemical modification studies and active site structure investigation

6

3

3

1

Nature of enzyme catalysis: Transition state theory, proximity and orientation, orbital steering, acid base catalysis, covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis, nucleophilic and electrophoilic catalysis, intramolecular catalyses, entropy effects. Effect of temperature and pH on enzymecatalysed reaction

6

3

3

1

Mechanisms of action of specific enzyme: Chymotrypsin; zymogen activation, acid-base catalysis, charge relay network. Lysozyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, ribonuclease, carboxypeptidase A, RNA as an enzyme

6

3

3

1

Monomeric and oligomeric enzymes: Monomeric enzymes-the serine proteases, zymogen activation. Sulphahydryl enzymes-papain. Oligomeric enzymes-isoenzymes (LDH) and multi-enzyme complexes-(Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex).

6

3

3

2

Allosteric enzymes: Binding of ligands to proteins -Co-operativity, the Hill equation, equilibrium dialysis technique. Sigmoidal kinetics: The MWC and KNF models. Significance of sigmoidal behaviour. Allosteric enzymes and metabolic regulation. Study of ATCase-as typical allosteric enzyme

6

3

3

1

Coenzymes: The mechanistic role of the following coenzymes in enzyme catalyzed reactions-nicotinamide nucleotides, flavin nucleotides, pyridoxal phosphate, coenzyme A, thiamine pyrophosphate and biotin, Folate coenzymes.

6

3

3

1