This course is designed to introduce the basics of refraction seismic surveying in terms of the relationship between elastic coefficients and the speed of seismic waves, as well as the refraction surveying method, its most important uses, and the advantages and disadvantages of surveying. Identifying the types of seismic waves and the importance of each, in addition to studying the different types of longitudinal wave paths and distance and time relationships. Designing a refractive field survey to identify subsurface layers.
Intended learning outcomes
By studying the course, the student will be able to:
Learn about the basics of refractive seismic scanning and the physical factors affecting the scanning values.
Identify the relationship between elasticity coefficients and the speed of seismic waves• Laboratory calculation of elasticity coefficients of rock samples.
Identify the types of seismic waves and the importance of each.
Study the different types of longitudinal wave paths and distance and time relationships.
Design a refractive field survey to identify subsurface layers• Study and identify shortcomings in refractive scanning
Teaching and learning methods
The course is taught using the following methods and techniques:
Lectures
Laboratory activities
Information gathering
Discussion groups
Methods of assessments
First midterm exam: 25% (written).
Second midterm exam: 25% (written).
Final exam: 50% (written).
Passing grade: 50% or above.
Overall course grade: 100%
Course contents
The first week introduces the
components of the course, its requirements, and the evaluation method in terms
of distributing grades for exams and assignments
The second and third weeks: stress
and strain relationships with elasticity coefficients, the relationship of body
velocities and elasticity coefficients, and analysis of some related issues.
The fourth week: Types of seismic
waves and their most important properties and uses
The fifth week: Types of devices
used in field surveys
The sixth week: Designing a field
survey for different field conditions and applying it through assignments and
practical work
The seventh week: Types of paths for
direct and refracted body waves from two horizontal layers, analysis of
problems (distance and time curves) in the laboratory, and assignments.
The eighth week, midterm evaluation
The ninth week: deducing distance
and time equations for multiple classes (three or more classes) and analyzing
practical problems and assignments.
The tenth week: A visit to one of
the research centers to review the modern equipment and write a report on the
visit whenever possible
The eleventh and twelfth weeks,
studying the types of deficiencies in refractive scanning:
Its causes - the errors resulting
from it - whether it can be treated or not (the first failure) a low-speed
layer, the effect of the distance and time equation.
Field design - qualitative and
quantitative interpretation - drawing and analyzing data and writing reports
The thirteenth week, the second
deficiency: a thin layer - errors resulting from its presence, the possibility
of treating it, and analyzing field data qualitatively and quantitatively.
The fourteenth week, the third
palace: inclined layers, studying the field distribution (design) of different
methods
Deducing the general equation of
distance and time - the equation of the arrival time of refracted waves in the
direction above the inclination and below the inclination (in the forward and
opposite directions)
The fifteenth week: Inferring the
values that define the subsurface layers - drawing data and analyzing it
qualitatively and quantitatively for different field cases (practical and
assignments)
