Abstract
This study focused on the concentration of carbon oxides (CO and CO₂) and temperature in Iraq, using satellite remote sensing data from 2003 to 2024. It showed hot and cold spots in different locations in Iraq, and these spots are the result of the standard deviation of both carbon dioxide and temperature, showing the strong and weak correlation. The analysis of CO revealed spatial variations, with a strong correlation coefficient of approximately 0.63 in Basra and a significance level of 0.01. In Baghdad, the correlation reached 0.73, but not at a significant level, despite the standard deviation of CO being approximately 3.787. This CO is a product of fuel combustion, transportation, and other activities. Conversely, there was a weak, positive correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide. Hot spots emerged in Maysan Wasit, showing strong positive and positive correlations between temperature and carbon dioxide, with correlation coefficients of 1.208 and 1.134, respectively. Cool spots were also found in the north, exhibiting a moderate to weak positive correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide, resulting in negative deviations for both carbon oxides and temperature. This is attributed to the vegetation cover characteristic of the northern regions. This indicates that, over time, without alternative energy sources such as renewables, carbon oxides will have a significant impact on future temperatures in Iraq due to human activity and the burning of fuels, oil and gases.