Abstract
This research examines the concept and practical application of seismic base isolation in reinforced concrete buildings as an effective strategy to reduce earthquake-induced forces. The study highlights how base isolation systems—particularly elastomeric bearings, lead rubber bearings (LRB), and high-damping rubber bearings (HDRB)—function by decoupling the structure from ground motion, increasing the fundamental period of vibration, and reducing seismic acceleration and damage. The research reviews pioneering experimental work conducted at the Earthquake Engineering Research Center (EERC) at UC Berkeley, where isolation bearings demonstrated up to tenfold reductions in structural acceleration. It also documents successful real-world applications in the United States, Japan, New Zealand, and other seismic regions, showing superior performance of isolated buildings during major earthquakes such as the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes. The study provides detailed technical insights into the mechanical behavior, load capacity, durability, damping mechanisms, and structural response of various isolator types. It concludes that seismic isolation significantly enhances building safety, preserves structural integrity, protects internal contents, and ensures post-earthquake operability, making it an economical and reliable solution for critical and essential facilities.