A Socio-Technical Systems Analysis Framework for Human–AI Collaborative Systems: A Case Study on AI-Powered Job Applicant Screening

Date

2026-10

Type

Article

Journal title

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 42

Author(s)

Fawzeyia Elhashmi Mohamad Salah
Nesrin Muftah Ramadan Elrgibe

Abstract

The increasing use of various types of probabilistic AI technologies in decision-making roles limits the usefulness of traditional business analysis and design (B&A) methods for documenting non-AI decision-makers and other aspects of probabilistic AI systems‚ including human backup decision- making roles․ Traditional UML and other business analysis tools support only binary decision outcomes and offer few tools for documenting the shared decision-making responsibilities of AI and human decision makers․ This paper proposes an AI-Socio B&A method that integrates traditional business analysis methods with three new tools:(1) a Confidence-Based Delegation Matrix offering three levels of AI decision-making authority (automatic decision making when confidence exceeds 80%‚ assisted decision making when confidence is between 50% and 80%‚ and human backup decision making when confidence is below 50%); (2) an amended use case format that offers additional documentation of confidence levels and bias-prevention techniques along with other information; (3) a process for obtaining and using feedback from human decision makers to improve the AI system․ A case study of an AI-Powered Job Applicant Screening and Short-listing System‚ including documentation of an extended use case (UC-02)‚ actors matrix‚ two design diagrams‚ and comparison with traditional B&A and UML documentation on five design and safety metrics‚ illustrates use of the new AI-Socio B&A method․ Advantages of AI-Socio B&A include reduced automation bias and inclusion of anonymization as a requirement and other tools to share work between human and AI decision makers

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