AI725 : INFECTION CONTROL

A.1

Describe mechanisms by which infections spreads in hospital or other health care facility

A.2

limiting transmission of organisms between patients in direct patient care facility

A.3

Gained knowledge of the scope of the subject specialism.

A.4

Prevention of common endemic nosocomial infections

B.1

Study the Impact of nosocomial infections

B.2

Compare and contrast the factors influencing the development of nosocomial infections

B.3

An ability to assess the value and limitations of existing knowledge andexperimentaltechniques to assessment of infections control programs..

B.4

Developed skills of independent learning.

B.5

Developed skills of written, oral and visual presentation.

C.1

Compare and contrast various ways in which factors influencing the development of infectious control

of

C.2

Be able to effectively communicate laboratory results in journal and poster format.

C.3

Interpret and critique date from primary research articles

C.4

Developed the ability to evaluate critically scientific information.

D.1

Understand and be able to implement and explain the infectious control policy

D.2

Write a perspective about a primary research article.

D.3

Developed the ability to work independently.

D.4

Developed interpersonal skills, including team-working.

D.5

Developed the ability to plan, organize and prioritise work activities.

s.n.

Assessment Method

Due (week)

Weight (%)

Notes

1

Midterm exam

5th and 10th week

30%

Two midterm exams

2

Oral exam

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3

Practical exam

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4

Final exam

16th week

70%

One final exam

5

Assignments/HWs

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Total (%)

_

100 %

_

Topics

Total hrs.

Lectures

Lab

Ex/Hw

1.

Epidemiology of nosocomial infections

Definitions of nosocomial infections

Frequency of infection and Impact of nosocomial infections

Factors influencing the development of nosocomial infections

(Practical Content)

Understanding nosocomial infections and discussion the situation in hospitals and laboratories in Libya.

2

2

2

-

-

2.

The microbial agent: Source of Nosocomial Infection

1-Cross-infection/ Exogenous/ Indirect Infections

2- Endogenous infection/ direct:

3- Environmental infection: i- Patient susceptibility

ii- Environmental factors

iii- Bacterial resistance

(Practical Content)

Case study and examples of each point of The microbial agent

(Practical Content) 4

Learninghow to avoid contaminations in hospital wards and laboratory

2

2

-

-

3.

Source of Nosocomial Infection

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

­­­­­­­­­­(Practical Content)4

Practice for using the technique to detect contaminations in laboratory and hospital’s wards.

2

2

-

-

4.

Prevention of nosocomial infection2

Reducing person-to-person transmission

_______________________________ _____________________________________

(Practical Content)

1) Hand decontamination

2) Personal hygiene and personal protection: i- Clothing

ii- Masks

iii- Gloves

3) Safe taking blood samples practices

2

-

-

5.

Preventing transmission from the environmentControlling environmental risks for infection.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Practical Content)

A- Cleaning of the hospital environment

Zone A: no patient contact.

Zone B: care of patients who are not infected.

Zone C: infected patients (isolation wards).

Zone D: highly-susceptible patients.

B) Use of hot/superheated water

C) Disinfection of patient equipment

2

2

-

-

6.

Sterilization: - Principal sterilization methods

___________________________________­­_____________________________________________

(Practical Content)- Types of sterilization:

1- Thermal sterilization

2- Chemical sterilization

Packaging Materials for sterilization

- Materials for packaging include:

• Paper which prevents contamination if intact,

• Selected plastics; only polyethylene and polypropylene

¢ Quality Control

¢ Maintenance

2

2

-

-

7.

Principal sterilization methods - Thermal sterilization

A- Wet sterilization

B- B- Dry sterilization

____________________________________________________________________________________

(Practical Content) - Work with different types and models of sterilization devices

1- Wet sterilization: exposure to steam saturated with water at 121 °C for 30 minutes, or 134 °C for 13 minutes in an autoclave; (134 °C for 18 minutes for prions).

2- Dry sterilization: exposure to 160 °C for 120 minutes, or 170 °C for 60 minutes; this sterilization process is often considered less reliable than the wet process, particularly for hollow medical devices.

2

-

8.

Environment – Waste3

Definition and classification

____________________________________________

(Practical Content)

Categories of health care waste

· Infectious waste

· Pathological waste

· Sharp waste

· Pharmaceutical waste

· Cytotoxic waste

· Chemical waste

· Wastes with high content of heavy metals

· Pressurized containers.

· Radioactive waste

(Practical Content) 2

Review

2

2

-

-

9.

Prevention of common endemic nosocomial infections

1- Prevention of nosocomial infection of Urinary tract

2- Prevention of Surgical wound infections (surgical site infections)

3- Prevention of Nosocomial respiratory infections

4- Prevention of Infections associated with intravascular lines

___________________________________­­_____________________________________________

(Practical Content)2

Operating room environment

a) Operating room staff

b) Operating room dress

c) Operating room activity:

i- Pre-intervention preparation of the patient

ii- Antimicrobial prophylaxis

2

2

-

-

10.

Handling, storage and transportation of health care waste3

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Practical Content)

Types of Medical waste2

· Infectious waste

· Pathological waste

· Sharp waste

· Cytotoxic waste

· Chemical waste

· Radioactive waste

2

2

-

-

11.

Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance

· Appropriate Antimicrobial use

· Control of endemic Antibiotic Resistance

· Antimicrobial Resistance

___________________________________________________________________________Practical Content)4

MRSA (Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus)

· Patient risk factors for MRSA

Antibiotic Control Policy

1) Antimicrobial Use Committee

2) Role of the microbiology laboratory

3) Monitoring antimicrobial use

2

2

-

-

12.

Preventing infections of staff4

¢ Immunizations recommended for staff

¢ Specific Postexposure Policies

( Practical Content)

ž Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

ž Exposure to Hepatitis B virus

ž Exposure to hepatitis C virus

ž Neisseria meningitidis infection

ž Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ž Other infections (Varicella, Hepatitis A and E, Influenza, Pertussis, Diphtheria and Rabies

-________________________

2

2

-

-

13.

Mini Project (Collecting notices of Sources of Contaminations in Medical Laboratories, hospitals, polyclinic, Dentinal center.

2

2

-

-