Basic
and fundamental concepts: The thermodynamic system, system poundaries and the
surroundings, open (control volume) and closed systems; Properties of T.D.
systems, temperature, pressure and specific volume, the SI system of units;
state of the T. D. system, the two property rule, the state of equilibrium of
T. D. system and the oth law of Thermodynamics; the T.D. process. T.
D. cycle.II) Properties of pure substances (water as an example) and ideal
gases - heating of water at constant pressure, saturated liquid, saturated
vapor and saturated mixture phases of water, the P-V diagram of a pure
substances, the critical and triple points; use of thermodynamic tables to
determine the state and properties of a T.D. system; the ideal gases laws and
their use to determine properties and state of T. D. system. III) Forms of
energy in thermodynamics Energy of T. D. system (kinetic, potential and internal
energies); Energies crossing system boundaries (work and heat definitions and
signs convention); calculation of work at moving boundaries of T.D systems for
various T. D. processes (P=C, PV=C and
PVn =C)IV) The first law of thermodynamics: Statement of first law (conservation of
energy), applications to closed systems (piston-cylinder arrangements)
undergoing a process and a cycle. use of first law to calculate heat
transferred to/or from a closed system during changes of state. Definition of specific heats at
constant volume cv and at constant pressure cp. enthalpy as a property of a T.D system.
change of enthalpy during a process. Examples of the first law application for
water and ideal gases undergoing various T.D processes. V) Introduction to the
second law of thermodynamics - thermal machines (heat engine and heat pump)
thermal efficiency and coefficient of performance; statements of the second law
of thermodynamics (Kelvin-Plank and Clausius statements) ; Carnot cycle and its
efficiency, use of Carnot cycle as a standard;
inequality of Clausius; Increase
of entropy principle; calculation of
entropy change for pure substances and ideal gases; possible and impossible
processes and cycles; second law for open systems – Simple Rankine cycle analysis.Simple
basic principles experiments such as temperature measurements.
