Current and voltage: resistance and resistivity, Ohm's law, Power, energy, series and parallel resistance cuircuits, Kirchoff's laws. Waveforms: sinusovoltage: resistance and resistivity, Ohm's law, Power, energy, series and parallel resistance cuircuits, Kirchoff's laws.Waveforms: sinusoidal AC voltage and current, inductance, phase relations and elements of phasor, digital waveforms, digital timing (clock signals, jitter, drift, skew, hysteresis.Semiconductor diodes: semiconductor materials, extrinsic materials (n-type & p-type, energy levels, diode notation, diode equivalent circuits, transition and diffusion capacitance, reverse recovery time, zener diode and LEDs.Diode applications: load line analysis, diode approximation, series diode configurations, parallel and series-parallel configuration, AND/OR gates, half-wave rectification, full-wave rectification, clippers, clampers, voltage multiplier circuits