This course is one of the main general courses for all scientific divisions in the agricultural faculty. It includes many contents: A brief history of botany, the importance of plants, branches of botany, characteristics of living organisms, differences between plants and animals, feeding patterns in plants, scientific nomenclature, divided into the plant kingdom, the plant cell and its discovery - cell theory, cellular structure (pre-cellular form, prokaryotes and eukaryotes), Components of the eukaryotic plant cell. Cell wall, cytoplasm, Nucleus, partial structure, RNAs, DNA, non-protoplasmic components, Cellular membranes and the movement of materials through them, Indirect cell division, the meiosis of the cell, Plant tissues including meristematic tissues, the histological system, The primary relative system and the vascular relative system, the vegetative system: the stem, its types, its branches and its transformations, Leaf structure, shapes, types, and mutations, Flower arrangement, inflorescences, pollination and fertilization, Definition of the fruit, its divisions, the definition of the seed, its composition and germination, Roots: their characteristics, functions, regions, and types, and, the internal structure of the wall, stem, and leaves.
