PH313 : Optics

Department

Physics

Academic Program

Bachelor in Physics

Type

Compulsory

Credits

04

Prerequisite

MA201PH110PH210

Overview

This course introduces principles of theories of optics, geometric optics, and physical optics. It covers a range of topics such as wave motion in one and three dimensions, plane waves, spherical waves, propagation of light: reflection, refraction, geometric optics, polarization, interference, diffraction, and optical devices.

Intended learning outcomes

By the end of this course the student will be able to:1- Distinguish between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves.2- Compare longitudinal waves and transverse waves in terms of how they propagate.3- Explain the binary behavior of light.4- Formulate wave motion and wave superposition.5- Use the principles of geometric optics.6- Explain the phenomena of diffraction and interference.7- Explain the phenomenon of polarization of light.8- Link the theoretical study of the nature and properties of light to the design of optical devices such as microscopes, cameras, telescopes, and glasses.

Teaching and learning methods

1- Lectures.

2- Solve problems and discuss various exercises.

Methods of assessments

1- Written first midterm exam 25%

2- Written second midterm exam 25%

3- Written final exam 50%

4- A passing score of 50% or more

5- The total assessment of the course is 100%.

Course contents

Week Due

exercises

Lectures

contact hours

Topics List

1

2

3

5

Introduction to Optics

1

2

3

5

Wave Motion: One-Dimensional Waves - Harmonic Waves - Phase and Phase Velocity-The Superposition Principle - The Complex Representation - Phasors and the Addition of Waves - Plane Waves -The Three-Dimensional Differential Wave Equation - Spherical Waves -Cylindrical Waves

1

2

3

5

The Propagation of Light: Reflectio- Refraction Fermat’s Principle - The Electromagnetic Approach - Total Internal Reflection -

Optical Properties of Metals.

1

2

3

5

Geometrical Optics: Lenses – Mirrors -Prisms - Fiberoptics - Optical Systems -Wavefront Shaping - Gravitational Lensing

2

4

6

10

The Superposition of Waves: The Addition of Waves of the Same Frequency - The Addition of Waves of Different Frequency - Anharmonic Periodic Waves - Nonperiodic Waves

2

4

6

10

Polarization: The Nature of Polarized Light – Polarizers - Dichroism - Birefringence - Scattering and Polarization - Polarization by Reflection - Retarders- Circular Polarizers - Polarization of Polychromatic Light - Optical Activity - Induced Optical Effects—Optical Modulators - Liquid Crystals - A Mathematical Description of

Polarization

2

4

6

10

Interference: General Considerations - Conditions for Interference -Wavefront-Splitting Interferometers - Amplitude-Splitting Interferometers - Types and Localization of Interference Fringes - Multiple-Beam Interference - Applications of Single and Multilayer Films - Applications of Interferometry

2

4

6

10

Diffraction : Fraunhofer Diffraction- Fresnel Diffraction- Kirchhoff’s Scalar Diffraction Theory - Boundary Diffraction Waves

2

4

6

10

Optical instruments

Learning Resources

Text Book

Reference's name

publisher

Release

Author

Optics

Addison Wesley, 2001

4th Edition

E. Hecht

Additional References

Fundamentals of optics

Jenkein's and White